【アブストラクト】
認知症の人の急増を背景に、認知症があっても住み慣れた地域で暮らせる地域づくりが喫緊の課題となっている。認知症による行方不明問題は、広く一般にも知られるところとなり、地域で支える互助、共助の取組みも盛んに行われているものの、行方不明者の発生件数は増加を続けているのが現状である。そこで、認知症で道に迷っている人への声かけ訓練において、一般の人が行う声かけや対応を分析し、介護福祉養成課程に在籍し、認知症の医学的知識までを学んでいる学生へのアンケート結果との比較から、「記憶力の低下」や「見当識障害」についてより具体的に理解し、それらに対する具体的な対応を学び帰宅支援につなげていくことが重要であることと同時に、地域にある介護や福祉関連事業所等が、発見時の相談窓口となりうることを周知していく必要があることが示唆された。

【アブストラクト】
Aim
Many studies have reported the preventive effects of community social capital on health outcomes, such as mortality and incidence of diseases. However, evidence on the association between community social capital and dementia‐related outcomes remains sparse. The present study examined the contextual association of social capital with subjective symptoms of dementia among community‐dwelling older adults in Japan, using a population‐based, large‐scale questionnaire survey.

Methods
Data were used from a cross‐sectional survey for all community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in Adachi Ward, Tokyo (n = 132 005). Subjective dementia symptoms were assessed using a self‐administered dementia checklist, which was validated by the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Social capital was assessed by neighborhood cohesion (neighborhood trust, neighborhood attachment and sense of belonging to the neighborhood) and neighborhood network (i.e. social relationships with neighbors). Individual responses from each district were aggregated to create indicators of district‐level social capital.

Results
A total of 75 338 questionnaires were analyzed (covering 260 districts). The average age of participants was 73.8 ± 6.0 years (45.0% men). A multilevel binomial logistic regression analysis by sex showed that a denser neighborhood network in a district was associated with a lower likelihood of subjective dementia symptoms (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83–0.96) among women. No association was found for men between district‐level social capital and subjective dementia symptoms.

Conclusions
Fostering structural aspects of social capital in a community is a potential dementia‐prevention strategy, and policymakers should focus on such community‐based approaches as well as on approaches that target individuals. "

【アブストラクト】
The development of dementia-friendly communities underpins inclusion and enablement of individuals to live well with dementia in communities for as long as possible. A number of strategies are being developed that present communities with models of “how to” become dementia-friendly. Communities are unique, with varying demographics, strengths, and resources that support local action. Indeed, the most valuable first step in the process of building a dementia-friendly community may be a targeted conversation within the community itself. To this end, four unique Australian communities participated in facilitated workshops to explore their collective dementia knowledge, visions for the future, community strengths, and possible actions to promote dementia-friendly initiatives.

The diversity of communities that attended confirms that no single model of dementia-friendly communities should be imposed. A consultative-transformative approach to planning may meet the needs of specific communities and will focus responsibility and reward for implementation at the local and individual level.

【アブストラクト】
This paper presents research that illustrates how design thought and action has contributed to the co-design and development of a mass-produced product with people living with dementia. The research, undertaken in collaboration with Alzheimer Scotland, has adopted a range of disruptive design interventions for breaking the cycle of well-formed opinions, strategies, mindsets, and ways-of-doing, that tend to remain unchallenged in the health and social care of people living with dementia. The research has resulted in a number of co-designed interventions that will help change the perception of dementia by showing that people living with dementia can offer much to UK society after diagnosis. Moreover, it is envisaged that the co-designed activities and interventions will help reconnect people recently diagnosed with dementia to help build their self-esteem, identity and dignity and help keep the person with dementia connected to their community, thus delaying the need for formal support and avoid the need for crisis responses. The paper reports on an initial intervention where the author worked collaboratively with over 130 people diagnosed with dementia across Scotland in the co-design and development of a new tartan. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations for researchers when co-designing with people living with dementia.